Cochrane Abstracts
103 results
1 - 100
PSA screening does not decrease mortality- Doxycycline and (probably) minocycline do not stain teeth of children
- Some older patients benefit from statin therapy
- Benefits lacking for tight control of type 2 diabetes
- SGLT2 inhibitors ("-flozin" meds) improve all-cause and CV mortality in patients regardless of diabetes or HF status
- Telemedicine associated with decreased ICU mortality and LOS
- Eating eggs is not associated with cardiovascular disease
- Reboxetine ineffective for depression
- Among antidepressants, only serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are effective for pain
- No good treatments available for gastroparesis symptoms
- Tighter blood pressure control does not increase the likelihood of orthostatic hypotension
- Linezolid no better than vancomycin for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia
- Treatments for diabetic neuropathy vary in benefit
- Low-certainty evidence shows some benefit of melatonin use in the intensive care unit
- Vitamin D, at high doses, prevents fractures
- Nonpharmacologic approaches are better than medication to control aggression/agitation in dementia
- Acetaminophen in normal doses safe in children
- Single-dose oral dexamethasone decreases sore throat pain
- Short-term clopidogrel + aspirin prevents second ischemic stroke better than aspirin alone
- New "-flozin" type 2 diabetes treatments improve outcomes in patients with heart failure, with or without diabetes
- Methylphenidate may slightly improve cognitive function in patients with traumatic brain injury
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is effective for people with chronic illness
- Anticholinergics, pelvic floor muscle exercises improve urinary incontinence in women
- Tubes ineffective for treating otitis media in children
- Healthful behaviors associated with lower likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes
- Continuous or intermittent glucose monitoring not effective, perhaps harmful
- Combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen reduces pediatric fevers better than either alone
- Effective methods for preventing pressure ulcers
- BNP monitoring + protocol improves HF outcomes
- Inhaled steroids more effective than montelukast in children with asthma
- Antibiotic prophylaxis effective after urinary catheterization
- Exercise effective for depression in older people
- ACE inhibitors decrease cardio events in patients with diabetes, ARBs don't
- Cannabis use is common among patients with rheumatologic illness
- Brief interventions for weight management in kids are not effective
- One third of patients with anxiety disorder will relapse when SSRI/SNRI treatment stops
- Rifaximin and some probiotics lessen symptoms in patients with IBS
- Exercise decreases falls and injuries in older people
- The addition of steroids improves outcomes in children and adults with CAP
- Two-thirds of coughs developing in patients using an ACE-inhibitor may not be due to the medication
- ADHD: A lot of research, not a lot of guidance
- Community-acquired pneumonia: Most oral treatments are similarly effective
- Salt substitutes may slightly reduce mortality risk in high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease
- Intraoperative hypotension but no major adverse events with continuation of perioperative RASIs
- VTE: Up to 10% with unexplained embolus will have cancer
- High-dose vitamin D prevents fractures in some older people
- Probiotics may improve irritable bowel syndrome
- Uncertain benefit of aspirin for peripheral artery disease
- Optimal treatment for achalasia
- ACE inhibitor preferred over ARB in patients with ischemic heart disease
- Elbow/shoulder injections = NSAIDs short-term
- Unclear evidence for DHEA effects on physical function in elderly
- Eplerenone no more effective than spironolactone, canrenone
- Smoking prevention counseling works in adolescents, cessation efforts don't
- Breast cancer prevented in some women with drug treatment
- USPSTF: routine iron supplementation during pregnancy does not affect outcomes
- Genetic test results that identify increased risk do not change behavior
- Inhaled steroids are effective prevention for wheezing preschoolers
- Prenatal/postnatal probiotics prevent but don't treat atopic dermatitis
- Low-carb diets may produce short-term diabetes remission
- Peppermint oil capsules might relieve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
- Cognitive behavioral therapy and combined physical and mental health rehab are the only effective treatments of long COVID
- Improved oxygenation, low risk of pneumothorax with drainage of transudative pleural effusions in mechanically ventilated patients
- Chewing gum hastens bowel motility and shortens hospital stay after colorectal surgery
- IBS: antispasmodics, peppermint effective
- Antioxidants don't prevent colorectal cancer
- Dexamethasone may prevent headache recurrence after treatment of acute migraine
- Fibrates do not decrease mortality
- Vitamin D, in high doses, prevents falls
- No increased risk of cancer with biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis
- Kidney stones: prevention options
- Oseltamivir slightly decreases flu symptom duration but not hospitalizations
- Probiotic decreases duration of diarrhea in children
- CBT similar to second-generation antidepressants for major depressive disorder
- PCOS symptoms in adolescents: no good guidance
- Treating sleep apnea with positive airway pressure does not reduce adverse CV outcomes or mortality
- Cannabinoids cause side effects but don't seem to cause serious adverse effects in patients older than 50
- Pedometer use increases physical activity and may promote weight loss
- Acupuncture may not be effective as a pain reliever
- Invasive strategy best only for men and high-risk women with unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI
- High-dose N-acetylcysteine decreases incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy
- Mood stabilizers improve acute bipolar depression symptoms in some.
- Metronidazole, vancomycin, and fidaxomicin: all effective for initial cure of C. diff
- Flu vaccine reduces risk of adverse CV events in high-risk patients
- Steroids at 34-36 weeks' and before term cesarean decrease respiratory distress syndrome
- Meditation, hypnosis, therapeutic suggestion, and CBT can decrease pain and opioid use
- Evidence of benefit is lacking for low back pain relief with muscle relaxants
- Diet and exercise counseling does not reduce cardiovascular or all-cause mortality associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes
- Ottawa ankle rules accurate for children aged 6 years and older
- Alpha-blocker or nifedipine may help pass kidney stones
- NG aspiration and lavage of limited utility in diagnosis of GI bleeding source
- Mortality risk is similar, but complications differ with TAVI and SAVR
- TCA, capsaicin, older anticonvulsants best for neuropathy
- Intensive lipid lowering adds additional benefit
- Cardiac resynchronization therapy effective for NYHA class 3 and 4 heart failure
- Rofecoxib, diclofenac and indomethacin increase risk of CVD
- Prone positioning during mechanical ventilation for ARDS improves survival
- Newer sulfonylureas not associated with increased mortality, MIs, or strokes
- Dual antiplatelet therapy with either clopidogrel or ticagrelor is more effective than aspirin alone in preventing recurrent stroke
- Acupuncture improves in vitro pregnancy rates